Our Forensic Biology laboratory
handles all types of forensic services or cases which are concerned with the
detection as well as analysis or examination of the biological fluids such as
semen, blood, urine, saliva etc often retrieved from a crime scene or involving
commencement of a crime. Forensic Biology division of our laboratory works
mainly on the chemistry and biology fundamentals, to the legal or forensic investigations.
In general, the biology division of
our laboratory deals with cases of identification of species origin, blood
group analysis, DNA extraction from the blood pool, tissues or dried blood
stains retrieved from the scene of crime. This analysis and identification operation
helps to clasp the offender or perpetrator as well as helps in acquittal of the
innocent. The existence of vaginal or seminal secretion or fluid at a crime
scene indicates a recent sexual assault such as rape, which was performed with
or without the consent of the innocent. In the same way, the existence of any
biological fluid such as blood and tissue indicates the potential of violence
or struggle at the scene of crime. All the biological evidences are analyzed by
performing accurate and thorough observations in addition to systematic
examination of the retrieved biological samples, under the accurate and optimum
conditions, to determine precise results.
The major tasks performed by our lab’s biology division are identifying
and ascertaining the presence of semen and blood in the retrieved evidence,
blood group identification from dried blood sample extracted from the evidence
as well as from fresh blood, DNA extraction from biological evidences such as
semen, hair and blood, extracted DNA comparison to that of the suspect or
accused, analysis of fibre, identification of origin of species etc.
Our chief priority is the proper collection and preservation
of the samples extracted from the evidences which plays an essential role in
the accurate and precise examination of the samples.
Our well-qualified and experienced experts work for the
completion of the tasks with utmost dedication. With their expertise, following
standard protocols, our experts analyse cases carefully and provide their
unbiased opinion and forensic report.
We consider
biological evidence as one of the crucial in establishing personal identity and
facts. Hence, utmost significance is given to proper collection and
preservation process of these evidences by our expert during on scene visit. If
the evidence is received from law enforcement body first step becomes
establishing type of body fluid or kind of biological evidence, which is
further followed by series of systematic examination process.
Our expert are
vigilant about integrity of evidence and handle each of these evidence very
carefully, be it semen, saliva or hair strand. In fact we have process of
receive cases so smooth that private clients too can proceed without any
hassle.
The main
objective of our lab is to provide assistance to law enforcement agency and
help our private clients as well in finding out the truth. To accomplish this
we use best of methods and chemicals, also each and every standard and protocol
is followed by our team of experts.
DETERMINING
THE PRESENCE OF BLOOD - It deals with the identification, examination and analysis
of presence of blood in the provided exhibit or an evidence retrieved from the
scene of crime. Various chemical tests are performed by the experts for
analysing the presence of blood. The experts examine blood, which aids in
identification of the victim as well as supports criminal investigations.
DETERMINING
THE PRESENCE OF SEMEN - It deals with the identification and analysis of presence of
semen in the provided exhibit or evidences retrieved from the crime scene.
Various presumptive and confirmatory tests are performed by the experts for
determining the presence of semen. The existence
of seminal fluid at a crime scene indicates a recent sexual assault such as
rape, performed without the consent of the victim.
EXTRACTION
OF DNA FROM BLOOD, SEMEN AND HAIR - It is performed to extract DNA from
the biological samples such as semen, hair and blood to identify the offender
or perpetrator. The extraction of DNA from the semen sample helps to find out
the accused or offender in case of rape or sexual assaults. DNA extraction is
also performed in cases of paternity disputes. DNA reports plays a major role
in individualization of the victim or the accused and is most accurate and
appropriate than any other test.
COMPARING
OF EXTRACTED DNA TO THAT OF SUSPECT-
The DNA extracted from the biological sample such as blood,
semen and hair are compared with the DNA of the perpetrator in order to ensure
that the assault or offence is committed by the accused. It is also compared in
cases of paternity disputes.
DETERMINATION
OF BLOOD GROUP FROM FRESH AS WELL AS DRIED BLOOD-
Blood group is determined by performing blood group identification tests which identifies the blood group of the exhibit. The blood group identification is determined from the dried blood extracted from the evidence retrieved from a crime scene, as well as from fresh blood of suspects, in order to determine their presence at the crime scene. The determination of blood group is performed in cases of road accidents, and other crimes as blood is an easily available evidence in most crimes.
SPECIES
IDENTIFICATION - It deals with the identification of species, whether it
belongs to either of the two kingdoms, i.e. Plantae or Animalia. Significant
supporting evidence are provided by forensic botany and zoology experts for the
criminal investigations. It deals with the identification and examination of
the suspected illegal plants, weeds, tree bark, insects and various other biological
evidences. A major use of this is in determination of wood, in case of accident
with the tree. It is performed by identifying and differentiating distinct
species by its traditional morphological features.
FIBRE
ANALYSIS - It is performed for identifying and analysing
type of fibre procured from the evidence for the purpose of criminal
investigation or to link the perpetrator to the crime scene. It can provide
clues about the person at the crime scene. The physical properties of
the fibre exhibit are determined in order to identify and compare a suspected
fibre exhibit with the known exhibit. It can be collected from the scene of
crime and preserved by using tweezers, by tape lifting etc.
MISCELLANEOUS – We provide other miscellaneous services like component determination
from any compound, bite marks analysis, post-mortem report analysis, lip prints
analysis, etc.
BLOOD GROUP
TESTING KIT - Blood typing kit comprises of Anti- A, Anti-B, and Anti-D serums,
which are used to determine the blood group from an exhibit. The procedure
is mainly based on the principle of agglutination in which, the typing antigen
present on the red cells agglutinates in the existence of the corresponding antibody
present in the reagent shows the tested antigen’s presence.
CENTRIFUGE
MACHINE - A centrifuge machine
is a laboratory equipment used in the
biology lab to segregate and concentrate material present in the liquid medium.
The main principle of the working of centrifuge machine is based on the
sedimentation, in which the heavier/denser particles settle down in centrifuge
tube as pellet and lighter particles float upwards as supernatant.
ULTRA -
VIOLET FLUORESCENCE CABINET - Ultra violet fluorescence cabinet is
used as a germicidal lamp which is employed for the purpose of decontamination
of the work surfaces inside a cabinet as it helps in killing various microorganisms.
It is also used to observe the stains of biological samples such as blood,
semen etc.
ANALYTICAL
BALANCE - The analytical balance is an important instrument in a biology
and chemistry laboratory. This highly accurate equipment has the ability to
measure small mass even in the sub-milligram range. The uses of
analytical balance is to weigh chemical substances, exhibits and also employed
to weigh insects or animals, and even centrifuge tubes in the experiments of
ultracentrifugation.
MICROSCOPE – A microscope is
an instrument used to observe the small specimen or sample in detail. It mainly
works by using resolution and magnification.
They are mainly helpful in the biology to study small organisms, observe
hair sample, agglutination in the blood grouping and also helpful in species
identification.
HOT AIR
OVEN - Hot air oven is an electrical device widely employed in
the biology and microbiology labs for the sterilization and decontamination of the
material and equipments used in the lab. The working principle of this device
is to sterilize the products by providing dry heat treatment which is achieved
by conduction.
INCUBATOR – Incubator
is an electric equipment which is used
mainly in the biology, microbiology and chemistry labs. It is employed for
giving heat treatment to the samples, for drying, heating of samples at certain
temperature in order to activate the enzymes and substances present in them.